In the video, there are examples of digital manipulation in photos and videos. When, if ever, is it ethical to alter a photograph or video that accompanies your news reporting?

It is ethical to alter a photograph or video if it is and entertainment piece and not hard news. It is also ethical if it is a part of fiction or to cover up inappropriate photos.


The video shows examples of "hype"-filled headlines and alarmist reporting. In many cases, this is due to the fact that such reporting tends to get the attention of audiences. Should the news media adjust their news reporting strategies based on reader demand and/or interest?

The news media should adjust their strategies based on the readers interest but to blow out of proportion certain stories or to scare readers by over exaggerating everyday stories is not ok. An example is television coverage of murders went up in 1997 but the actual murder rate had drastically dropped.


Several publications and media outlets accept "freebies" and "junkets" from PR firms and lobbyists. Under what circumstances, does this present a conflict of interest for the journalists?

This can present a conflict of interest because PR firms and lobbyists are going to release information that helps the image of their company or the company they represent. For this reason the information is going to sway the reader a certain way, which is often unfair and inccorect. Many companies whitewash stories to gain reader favoritism for certain topics. An expenses paid trip to Spain from BMW with extra freebies for journalists is an example of influence on journalism by many companies.


Why do you think so many media outlets were fooled by the "Fat Squad" and other fake news stories? Do you think that the Internet news media is more or less likely to fall for such pranks?

Many media outlets believe these stories because they want to believe them. Media outlets want interesting news stories and will do anything for higher readership even if the stories seem extremely outlandish. I think Internet news media can be more likely to fall for these pranks because their are so many online blogs and journalists that it is more likely that their is unethical journalism online and it is easier for companies to pay off a journalist for a good review. In some situations however I believe that because there are so many writers and bloggers online that individual writers are more likely to realize a hoax when they see one and let the public know about false information.